The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.